Role Of Vitamin D3 Supplementation in Dry Eye Disease

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effect of oral Vitamin D3 supplementation on clinical symptoms and tear film parameters in patients diagnosed with Dry Eye Disease.

Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Murree Hills, over 12 weeks. A total of 375 participants were enrolled, including 200 patients with DED and 175 healthy controls. Baseline Vitamin D3 levels, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores, Schirmer’s test, and Tear Break-Up Time (TBUT) were recorded. The DED group received weekly oral Vitamin D3 (50,000 IU) for 12 weeks. Pre- and post-supplementation comparisons were analyzed using SPSS version 26.

Results: Vitamin D3 deficiency was significantly more prevalent in the DED group (p < 0.001). Post-supplementation, there was a marked improvement in OSDI scores, Schirmer’s values, and TBUT (all p < 0.001), with large effect sizes. Regression analysis identified Vitamin D3 status as the strongest independent predictor of DED (OR = 7.26, p < 0.001). Severity grading also shifted significantly from “severe” to “mild” or “none” following supplementation.

Conclusion: Vitamin D3 supplementation significantly improves both symptoms and tear film function in Dry Eye Disease. Screening for Vitamin D deficiency and its correction may serve as a valuable adjunct in the holistic management of DED.